Well, I'm living in the house that my dad built and it was one of the first in our neighborhood. There has never been a HOA here, and people do keep up their properties. Most have lived here for decades. Why do you suppose these folks can be trusted to keep up properties while apparently others can't without some kind of enforced policies to keep them in line?
It's quite possible your statement about the past is true as much as it's possible that rose colored glasses are in use.
Think about this - let you grass grow, like twelve inches high. HOA or not, there will be a lot of social pressure on you to cut it. That's not force of law but societal norms.
I deal with 800+ homes and the only ones that have "maintenance issues" are the ones now owned by banks. The issues we see are fences in easements, building in common areas, snow removal, etc.
I can't believe I'm trying to defend the concept of an HOA when two years ago I was staunchly against it. Seriously, it's not great, but it's not as bad as you think. Well, unless you live in the neighborhood of the thread about flags, and in that case I'd be taking signatures to abolish the HOA.